Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSN), called wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), and is spatially distributed self-governing sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. Recent times networks are bi-directional, which enable control of sensor activity. The progress of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. Routing is the process of the sequential steps which governs the internet traffic efficiently. When a packet of data leaves its source, there are many different paths it can take to its destination. One of the applications in this network, gathering and sending sensed data to the base station. The main restraint of sensor nodes is their limited battery energy, while restricting the lifetime. Hence, the protocol running on sensor networks must efficiently reduce the node energy consumed in order to achieve a prolonged network lifetime. Data congregation has to be done in an energy proficient way to ensure good lifetime for the network. Hence, data congregation protocols play an important role in wireless sensor networks keeping in view of severe power constraints of the sensor node. Therefore, a foremost part of the research work concentrates on prolonged life time of networks by designing energy proficient protocols, which is the core of this research. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is spatially distributed self-governing sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure. Routing algorithms play a crucial role in WSN sensors lifetime. This research proposes a novel proficient routing algorithm Protracted Energy Proficient Transmission (PEPT) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks which uses the bi-cluster based approach for getting prolonged lifetime of the sensor nodes. This algorithm works in two fold where the sensor nodes are clustered using heuristics and then bi-clustering (parent and child hierarchy). Results are promising which considerably improves the lifetime of the sensor nodes and cluster heads. The proposed method improves the efficiency of the energy consumption along with the improvement of the node lifetime values. The bi-clustering strategy helps in improving the dynamic updation of the routing table which may overcome the problem of the dead node sensing and cluster head value updating.

Keywords: Node Lifetime, Energy Consumption, PEPT, LEACH Protocol, Mobile Sink.